Nope.
Canon PR has stated repeatedly "if you want reach/crop etc, do it in post; if you want smaller files use SRAW".
On an FX Nikon you can physically mount a DX lens & the body will figure out that it needs to switch to crop mode.
An EF-S lens will not physically fit on an FF canon body. Even if you cut the "mount preventer" off it's there for a reason: the shorter registration distance of EF-S would cause the mirror to whack the rear element, even on an APS-H camera. This has been hashed out here in several threads & that's the conclusion.
Without the ability to mount crop lenses, there really isn't very much reason for them to do this. It's not like the slower fps cameras are only limited by their processing speed; the shutter & mirror aren't designed to go much faster either (& don't have the duty cycle rating for the number of actuations that high-speed cameras tend to produce).
Now, a lot higher FPS would technically be possible in a camera with a fast processor & a cheap shutter when blocked open in live-view mode, but at the moment Canon's live-view AF can't keep up with more than about 4 fps (μ4/3 can though...).
For the moment, you'll have to be content with the 2 megapickle 30fps or 1 megapickle 60fps burst modes built into recent EOS cameras. I believe it's called "movie mode" <grin>.