Welcome aboard, pcdebb. Welcome to the Canon side.
It's whiter over here.
First off, L-series lenses are the Luxury line. Anything with a red band is an L-series lens, and they have the best build quality, glass quality, and all the bells and whistles. Many of Canon's L-series telephoto lenses, zooms and primes, are white...kind of an iconic look, but pragmatic as well (the lighter color reflects more heat out in the sun, resulting in slower expansion of the lens.) So, if you want the best glass, you want L-series glass.
You should also learn the difference in mounts. Canon has a few now. At their core, they are all EF mount, or Electronic Focus. The EF mount is a full frame mount with a full set of electronic contacts that support full communication between lens and camera. Derived from the EF mount is the EF-s mount. This is the short-backfocus version of the EF mount. EF-s lenses are only compatible with APS-C DSLR bodies, or crop bodies. I'll get to the naming system of Canon's DSLRs in a moment (it's very logical, which should be a nice change from Nikon's oft-changing and sometimes confusing naming scheme.) When buying lenses, it is very important that you make SURE you don't buy EF-s lenses for use on a full-frame body. The design of EF-s lenses makes use of shorter backfocus, often protruding into the mirror box a short ways. This is possible due to the fact that the mirror in a crop body is a lot smaller, allowing some clearance room for the extra protruding length of an EF-s lens. Finally, there is the EF-M mount, or mirrorless mount. EF-M lenses are only compatible with Canon's mirrorless EOS-M line of cameras, which...entirely lacking a mirror...have a much shorter flange focal distance.
All EF lenses, including EF-s and EF-M, use the same basic bayonette mount. This makes the whole system generally compatible. For example, you can use a simple passthrough adapter to attach EF-s and EF lenses to EOS-M bodies.
When it comes to Canon ILC bodies, Canon's naming scheme is pretty simple. There are several key camera series, usually denoted with xs and Ds.
They are as follows: xxxxD, xxxD, xxD, xD. The four-digit, or xxxxD, models are the low end entry level DSLRs. Like the Canon EOS 1200D. (Oh, side note...EOS stands for Electro-Optical System, the overarching technology brand for Canon's cameras.) The three-digit, or xxxD, models are the standard entry level DSLRs. Like the Canon EOS 750D. It should also be noted that these two lines, the low end and standard entry level DSLRs, have alternative names. Together they make up the Rebels, or in Japan the "KISS" models. They usually have alternative names, such as in the US, the 1200D is also the Rebel T5, while the 750D is the Rebel T6i. For the most part, I think Canon users just refer to them by their common model number, like 1200D or 750D.
The two-digit, or xxD, models are the midrange semi-pro level DSLRs. Like the Canon 70D or 60Da. In the semi-pro line, Canon periodically releases "astrophotography" versions. The first was the 20Da, and the current is the 60Da. These models use a special filter stack over the sensor that has weaker IR filtration, increasing the "Hydrogen-Alpha" sensitivity of the camera, making it more sensitive for imaging the emission nebula that permeate the galaxies of the cosmos.
Each of these lines of cameras tend to have their own general size ranges as well. The xxxxD and xxxD lines tend to be the smallest, with the xxD line gaining a moderate bump up in size. When you get to the professional lines, the xD lines, size jumps up again. As far as generation-successive naming goes, Canon's models all increase by a certain sequence count each new generation. So, the 1200D will upgrade to the 1300D in the next generation (increase by 100), the 750D will upgrade to the 800D (increase by 50), and the 70D will upgrade to the 80D (increase by 10).
This is Canon's lower end series of DSLR cameras. They are all APS-C (cropped sensor frame) DSLR bodies, and therefor are all compatible with both EF and EF-s lenses. These cameras are all
incompatible with EF-M lenses.
Canon's professional-grade models are organized a little differently. All of them are grouped into the xD models, however instead of there simply being one line of "pro-grade" cameras, there are a few. There is the 1D line, the 5D line, the 6D line, and the 7D line. The first three are all full-frame cameras, while the latter is an APS-C camera.
The 1D is Canon's premium DSLR offering, the true "professional" line, bringing with it all the top of the line features with a top of the line price. The 1D line bodies are huge, including an integrated grip, bigger batteries that deliver more power for faster AF, and a whole host of other fancy features. The 5D line is Canon's workhorse professional-grade line of cameras, the high volume higher end model, used by countless professionals in the wedding, portraiture and journalism fields, as well as by landscape photographers, bird and wildlife photographers, and pretty much any kind of photographer who needs a highly capable, general purpose DSLR.
The 6D line is the "entry level" full frame camera in Canon's lineup. It brings the full frame sensor to a more "affordable" body in the lower $2000 range (street price well below that.) The 6D takes a hit to a lot of the features...it uses a simpler AF system, lower frame rate, fewer custom functions, etc. The 7D line is Canon's premium APS-C body. It's relatively unique in the DSLR world, combining high end features like ultra fast frame rate, highly advanced AF and metering system, and lots of custom functions and customizability in a smaller and more compact, agile body than the 1D line. The 7D comes at a prime price in the "affordable" range, bringing true action and sports tracking quality to the masses (and for less than $2000.)
Because the xD lines are single digit, successive generations do not increase numerically. Instead, Canon has the "Mark" system for denoting generations. Such as the 1D Mark IV, the 1D X (Mark X or Mark 10), the 5D Mark III, the 7D Mark II.
The 1D, 5D, and 6D lines, being full frame cameras, are only compatible with Canon's EF lenses. They are
incompatible with EF-s and EF-M lenses. The 7D line, being APS-C, is compatible with EF and EF-s lenses, but is still incompatible with EF-M lenses.
So, now that you know how Canon's system works, how each camera model is named, and what mounts they are compatible with, you should be equipped to NOT buy the wrong lens.
As for what lenses you "should be looking at", assuming you only do landscapes, then there are a variety of options. First, you have the 16-35mm and 24-70mm lenses. These are generally your "wide angle landscape" zooms. You can find these zooms in both f/2.8 and f/4 varieties, and which one you choose will ultimately depend on budget and goals, and whether you need IS or not. If you generally stop down for your landscapes, you probably don't need the f/2.8 versions of either. The EF 24-70 f/2.8 L II is one of Canon's sharpest zoom lenses in their lineup, and produces excellent quality wide open. If you are just going to stop the lens down to f/8 or f/11 for a landscape photo, you might not want to spend the extra money for the f/2.8 version. The same generally goes for the 16-35mm lenses, which also come in both apertures. The older EF 16-35mm f/2.8 L II lens uses a poorer optical design, and as such suffers fairly heavily in the corners. The newly released EF 16-35mm f/4 L IS has been rated as one of Canon's sharpest zooms, and would make for a superb wide angle landscape lens. It also has image stabilization (IS), so if you need to hand-hold it for any reason, it gives you stops of improved hand holdability.
There are also some other options for landscape photographers. Canon has a bunch of wide and ultra-wide angle primes. Like the EF 14mm f/2.8 L II, EF 24mm f/1.4 L and EF 24mm f/2.8 IS, etc. Canon also has some unique options that can bring a lot of interesting capabilities to lanscape photographers. The TS-E (Tilt/Shift Electronic) manual focus lenses, the TS-E 17mm f/4 L and TS-E 24mm f/3.5 L II, are a couple of relatively unique options to the Canon system. They are not entirely unique, as there are tilt/shift lenses for the Nikon system. However the 17mm TS is currently unique to Canon's system, and offers one of the widest tilt-shift lenses available for DSLRs. Both lenses are extremely sharp, with the TS-E 24mm being one of Canon's sharpest lenses, period. With a tilt-shift lens, you can adjust the plane of focus, and get the entire depth of your scene, from ultra close foreground objects to ultra distant background scenery, in very sharp focus at non-diffraction limited apertures (i.e. at f/4, if you wanted to...no need to stop down to f/11, f/16, f/22 for DOF.)
Canon has plenty of other lenses, including other totally unique items like the MP-E 65mm f/2.8 1-5x Zoom Macro. They have all the standards, like your 50mm, 85mm & 135mm fast (and ultra fast) portraiture primes, your 70-200mm zooms, and a whole range of other lenses, extending out to the "Great White" L-series ultra high end telephoto and supertelephoto primes (200 f/2, 300 f/2.8, 400 f/2.8, 500 f/4, 600 f/4 and 800 f/5.6), in case you need super fast or ultra long reach.
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