unfocused said:Mikehit said:Sporgon said:Yes you can lift shadows four stops on the 80D but six stops on the Sonikon whatever.
That is something that is bemusing me at the moment. More and more reviews/comments talk about things like 'ah, but with the XXX camera you can lift shadows 6 stops with no noise but with YYY it is only 3 stops'.
My questions are:
- why would you ever want to (other than rectifying a complete penis-up at the time of the picture)
- if it is not a case of 'wanting to' then what does that comparison tell you about photography in the real world ?
- If it does tell you something, how often is it a real-world advantage ?
Or is it another case of desperately trying to find a difference so they have something to report on?
I used to think like that, until I started looking into it.
Here is my understanding.
Let's say you are shooting a basketball game. You know you need to shoot at 1/800 of a second to stop any action. Your lens has a maximum aperture of f2.8. The traditional approach is to ratchet up the ISO to get to your minimum required shutter speed and aperture. But, when you do so, you know you are introducing noise into the image and eventually the noise will make the image unusable.
With these sensors, the idea is that you can set your shutter speed and aperture but instead of changing the ISO, you leave it where it is and just underexpose. Then, in post, you can raise the exposure with less noise than if you'd increased the ISO.
Now, that does sound brilliant and very valuable.
It is also why I'd like to see some comparisons between the two methods to see if the promised advantages really exist or not and if they are sufficient to make a difference in the real world. If it does work, it really would change the way we shoot and process our images.
Almost. It's a common misconception that it's the ISO amplification that adds noise, but the reverse is true: ISO amplification actually helps reduce the noise that might result if you push in post. It's the decreased light levels available to the sensor when you deprive it of light (in low light, using high shutter speeds, e.g.) that lead to the higher noise levels, because of shot noise (http://bit.ly/shotnoise).
The advantage of ISO-invariant cameras is exactly as you describe: you can keep your focal plane exposure, determined by shutter speed and aperture, as required, but instead of using the high ISO required for a 'proper' exposure, dial the ISO right back down instead.
The advantage of doing this isn't that brightening in-post leads to lower noise levels than brightening in-camera, it's that brighter tones aren't amplified by the camera and clipped right out of the Raw file. In other words, decreasing your ISO setting by -X EV affords you X EV more highlight range. For an ISO-invariant camera, that comes at no additional noise cost in the shadows/midtones that you have to selectively brighten later (compared to if the camera had brightened it via ISO amplification).
So, in the end, it's about saving highlights under high ISO conditions. And the ability to do so all comes down ISO-invariance, which is a direct result of low read noise, which is correlated with high base ISO dynamic range. Note - we're not ever encouraging one to underexpose indiscriminately. You only need to underexpose enough to keep highlights from clipping. But under high contrast scenes, and with the limited dynamic range high ISOs demonstrate (because of the shrinking effective full-well capacity from the amplification), those extra +X EV of highlights can mean the difference between blown and preserved highlights.
The information you're looking for - the noise cost to doing this amplification in-post vs. in-camera, is exactly what the ISO-invariance test I implemented shortly after joining DPReview is designed to test. We've been doign it for over a year now, so you should have a number of cameras you can compare. Here's a link to the widget: http://bit.ly/1QOqxHg
What's funny is that in the time since I developed that test, we got dual-gain (Aptina) architecture built-in to Sony cameras like the a7R, a7S II, a7S, a6300, etc. These cameras have a particular ISO where they switch the amplification at the pixel-level, which helps to decrease noise even if the camera itself doesn't have much downstream read noise (our typical metric for an ISO-invariant camera: less downstream read noise means less benefit to in-camera ISO amplification vs. brightening in-post). This is why the a7R II doesn't appear ISO-invariant in our test (that link I provided above), but that doesn't mean it has poor base ISO dynamic range. It just means that the in-pixel amplification switch at ISO 640 helps eke out that last bit of extra signal by elevating it very early on in the signal processing (to make it more immune to noise). It's like ISO amplification just earlier on up in the imaging chain.
Apologies if that was a poor explanation - it's a little hard to wrap your head around at first! But it's the reason cameras like the a6300 are leading in terms of high ISO performance, and why the 42MP a7R II shows almost similar high ISO performance to even the Nikon D5 at high ISOs when normalized to equivalent size. The lack of dual-gain architecture is part of the reason the 80D falls well behind the a6300 at high ISO, though there must be another component, since it even falls behind the D7200 (the D7200 achieves a6300-esque high ISO performance without the dual-gain architecture, which is probably due to lower upstream read noise). We'll have 1DX II results up soon - we're curious to see how it performs. But understand that at this point, we're talking 1/3EV or less increases in performance at best. And after a certain point, there won't be any more to gain from decreasing noise, because we already have such low levels of noise to begin with (input-referred read noise is down to like 1 electron or less for some of these sensors - effectively nil). The only way we'll see ISO performance increase in the future is via increases in actual efficiency (or sensor size, of course), because at this point we're limited by how much light you're capturing.
That's why the D5 and D500 barely showed any gains in high ISO performance.
Here's a little more info on the a7R II's ISO-invariance; in the footnotes, I also explain this idea of dual-gain architecture: http://www.dpreview.com/articles/7450523388/sony-alpha-7r-ii-real-world-iso-invariance-study.
Have a read of our read noise treatise here to get a better idea of what 'downstream read noise' is: http://bit.ly/readnoise.
Also, thanks jebrady03 - that's appreciated.
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