Joey said:
Explanation please? What is a low pass filter in this context? What is it for and if it's necessary, why build a camera without one? Is it the same as an anti-aliasing filter (another term I don't understand...)
A low pass filter is often used as a anti-aliasing filter. Its the simplest.
A low pass filter allows lower light frequencies to go thru, but blocks higher ones. Kinda like a UV filter that blocks UV light.
The high frequencies cause Moiré in the final image which is difficult to eliminate. As pixel count increases, the need for a optical low pass filter is reduced.
A low pass filter can be done in the electronics or optically, but its typically done both optically and electronically. We are talking elimination of the optical low pass filter, not the electronic one.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aliasing_filter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist_frequency
Several years ago, Panasonic produced a video called Demystifying Digital Cinema Camera Specifications
It covers many common questions and is reasonably easy to understand.
There are seven parts, and its worth while to view them all. It gives you a appreciation for the compromises that go into designing digital cameras, and explains why no one system is the best at everything.
The link is to part one, its easy to find all seven parts.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqq8QKMmtYg