AmbientLight said:
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In case you carry a backpack you are pretty safe from this, because ground staff usually assume that your backpack is reasonably light. Of course it helps if it looks light on you.
Some really good advice in this post, which I agree with. Couple of additional thoughts: if you get a backpack which can fit onto a foldable trolley, as I do (Kata do one, maybe others) you can put the thing casually onto your back for check in, and then put it back onto the trolley frame later. This works wonders... Looks small, is actually big and heavy ... The secret is flexibility, and several bags. Avoid the giant Peli case at all costs, unless you are willing to check into the hold and pay excess luggage costs, and risk losing it (almost a certainty at Paris CDG... lost my luggage TWICE there). Remember also that baggage handlers take great delight in smashing so-called indestructible cases - I swear they drove an aircraft over my Samsonite one time... split it in two.
Secondly, I've found Lufthansa pretty relaxed as a rule, but I agree with the comments about large trolleys. These may just get labelled for 'at the gate' into the hold, which you get back at the gate on arrival (not at baggage collection). Probably not going to happen on long haul, but on the smaller feeder aircraft, this is very likely. So avoid the big trolleys! At the gate handling is perhaps better than getting the full 'drive the truck over it' baggage handling experience, but not by much! Be aware that in Europe, jetways/air bridges are not so common as in the USA, so remember that you may have to carry the thing down the aircraft steps at some point, especially on smaller feeder aircraft. If you are older or infirm, this may be an issue.
Remember that if you are changing planes somewhere, they are not going to check luggage size or weight in the layover airport.
One final trick: arrive at the gate early, and stand near the gate, so that you are at the front of the boarding queue. Even travelling economy (coach) this means you will have plenty of room in the overheads for your kit (ok some other poor guy will have no room for his coat, but that's life...) Otherwise, you could find some friendly lady taking your $10,000 kit out of sight up the aircraft, to sit above the organised crime boss in seat 2A... (at least, that's how it feels at the time...)