Do you mean you can walk onto someone's garden and take a phot through the window?
If talking about legal matters you have a responsibility to be quite clear what you are claiming.
In the UK (Scotland is no different from other parts of UK from what I understand), if you are standing on public land you can take any image anywhere.
But we need to be quite clear (as stated above) that there is difference between taking an image and using an image. It is in using an image that most restrictions take place - there are very few situations where I am prevented from taking an image, but quite a few on how an image can be distributed and/or used commercially.
In Scotland you can indeed walk right into someones garden, up to the window and take a picture of them. We went over photography law quite extensively in uni and I haven't seen any changes to this reported in the last decade. If you use that image you should have the person fill out a model release form, though this is to cover yourself and not a requirement.
Scottish law is quite different from English law in may situations.
Regarding train stations, I was promptly informed by travel for London in England that I was breaking the law when taking a picture of a exceptionally pretty train in the station. There is no such law in Scotland so assume this is a English thing given how different things are between my country and theres. When traveling to another country I would always recommend being as cautious as possible.
In all cases you are much better to dig into it yourself than take the word from someone on a Internet forum. My information could be heavily out of date for all I know. This isn't my day job so I just need to know I can go anywhere in Scotland to get a picture of an animal and that if I travel to another country I better check before hand where I can't go so I don't end up in happy fun camp.
Edit: The train had Pullman IBIS written on it. Cream and brown carriages.
Edit2:
https://www.nature.scot/professiona...irds-and-licensing/birds-licences-photography for anyone coming up to sunny Scotland. You might need a licence if you are planning on annoying an endangered animal.
Edit3: There is a 'secret' bunker near my house. I am allowed to photograph inside but not the well sign posted location.