The Japanese do not use QC, but 6 Sigma QA which is much more demanding than QC. QC samples lenses off the production line, and verifies that "X" percent meet standards, usually 2-5% are allowed to be out of specification. That practice has long long ago been abandoned by Japanese manufacturers and most others major manufacturers.
Six Sigma processes inspect every lens. They are inspected by the assemblers at defined steps during manufacturing and assembly, and every finished lens is tested. There is variation, of course, tha'ts where the 6 Sigma name comes in.
" A six sigma process is one in which 99.99966% of all opportunities to produce some feature of a part are statistically expected to be free of defects (3.4 defective features per million opportunities). "
But ...assuming every lens leaves the factory perfect, how many would arrive in the same condition, considering the transportation process which is entirely out of Canon's hands.
There is no 6 Sigma in transportation, containers of products get banged around loading and unloading from ships, while being moved on trucks and trains, pallets get dropped by forklifts, then lenses are transferred to pallets in boxes for shipping to retailers, and get more rough handling. Within a large retailer, they can be subjected to dropping and spearing with forklifts, and then, from the retailer to the consumer, by UPS , FedEx, etc, they get extremely rough handling.
I believe that when a decentered lens is received, the odds are that it left the factory in perfect condition.
Have you noticed Roger Cicalas tear-downs of the newer "L" lenses, they are being built much more robust, I suspect that's mainly due to Canons recognition of the cost due to failures during shipping. The last new lens I bought (100-400mm L II) was packed much better than older lenses were, again a sign that Canon recognizes the problems during transportation.
And, of course, Roger has published articles about how many lenses of his are damaged in transportation. That's why they do a 100% inspection, yet, customers receive bad lenses.